RESTful Web Services – First Application

let us proceed to write a simple Jersey Application which will expose a web service method to display list of users.

Step 1 – Create Java Project:

The first step is to create a Dynamic Web Project using Eclipse IDE. Follow the option File -> New -> Project and finally select Dynamic Web Project wizard from the wizard list. Now name your project asUserManagement using the wizard window as follows:

Once your project is created successfully, you will have following content in your Project Explorer:

Step 2 – Add Required Libraries:

As a second step let us add Jersey Framework and its dependencies (libraries) in our project. Copy all jars from following directories of download jersey zip folder in WEB-INF/lib directory of the project.

• \jaxrs-ri-2.17\jaxrs-ri\api
• \jaxrs-ri-2.17\jaxrs-ri\ext
• \jaxrs-ri-2.17\jaxrs-ri\lib

Now, right click on your project name UserManagement and then follow the following option available in context menu: Build Path -> Configure Build Path to display the Java Build Path window.

Now use Add JARs button available under Libraries tab to add the JARs present in WEB-INF/lib directory.

Step 3 – Create Source Files:

Now let us create actual source files under the UserManagementproject. First we need to create a package called com.tutorialspoint. To do this, right click on src in package explorer section and follow the option: New -> Package.

Next we will create UserService.java, User.java,UserDao.java files under the com.tutorialspoint package.

User.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
@XmlRootElement(name = "user")
public class User implements Serializable {

   private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
   private int id;
   private String name;
   private String profession;

   public User(){}
   
   public User(int id, String name, String profession){
      this.id = id;
      this.name = name;
      this.profession = profession;
   }

   public int getId() {
      return id;
   }

   @XmlElement
   public void setId(int id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   @XmlElement
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getProfession() {
      return profession;
   }
   @XmlElement
   public void setProfession(String profession) {
      this.profession = profession;
   }  
}

UserDao.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class UserDao {
   public List<User> getAllUsers(){
      List<User> userList = null;
      try {
         File file = new File("Users.dat");
         if (!file.exists()) {
            User user = new User(1, "Mahesh", "Teacher");
            userList = new ArrayList<User>();
            userList.add(user);
            saveUserList(userList);  
         }
         else{
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            userList = (List<User>) ois.readObject();
            ois.close();
         }
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }  
      return userList;
   }

   private void saveUserList(List<User> userList){
      try {
         File file = new File("Users.dat");
         FileOutputStream fos;

         fos = new FileOutputStream(file);

         ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
         oos.writeObject(userList);
         oos.close();
      } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      } catch (IOException e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
      }
   }   
}

UserService.java

package com.tutorialspoint;

import java.util.List;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

@Path("/UserService")
public class UserService {

   UserDao userDao = new UserDao();

   @GET
   @Path("/users")
   @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)
   public List<User> getUsers(){
      return userDao.getAllUsers();
   } 
}

There are following two important points to note about the main program, UserService.java:

1. First step is to specify a path for the web service using @Path annotation to UserService.
2. Second step is to specify a path for the particular web service method using @Path annotation to method of UserService.

Step 4 – Create Web.xml configuration File:

You need to create a Web xml Configuration file which is an XML file and is used to specify Jersey framework servlet for our application.

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
   xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" 
   id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
   <display-name>User Management</display-name>
   <servlet>
      <servlet-name>Jersey RESTful Application</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer</servlet-class>
         <init-param>
            <param-name>jersey.config.server.provider.packages</param-name>
            <param-value>com.tutorialspoint</param-value>
         </init-param>
      </servlet>
   <servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>Jersey RESTful Application</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/rest/*</url-pattern>
   </servlet-mapping>  
</web-app>

Step 5 – Deploying the Program

Once you are done with creating source and web configuration files, you are ready for this step which is compiling and running your program. To do this, using Eclipse, export your application as a war file and deploy the same in tomcat. To create WAR file using eclipse, follow the option File -> export -> Web > War File and finally select project UserManagement and destination folder. To deploy war file in Tomcat, place the UserManagement.war in Tomcat Installation Directory > webapps directory and start the Tomcat.

Step 6 – Running the Program

We are using Postman, a Chrome extension, to test our webservices.

Make a request to UserManagement to get list of all the users. Puthttp://localhost:8080/UserManagement/rest/UserService/users in POSTMAN with GET request and see the below result.

Congratulations, you have created your first RESTful Application successfully.